Africa, Security, Violent extremism 

The threat of violent extremism is not new to
the Greater Horn of Africa.1
For decades,
terrorist organizations, including al-Qaida
and al-Shabaab, have peddled hate-filled ideology to
recruit new followers and to justify devastating attacks
that have taken the lives of innocent people, often as
they have gathered in public places such as local markets,
shopping malls, hotels, and buses. However, organizations
like al-Shabaab have differed from many
earlier terrorist groups in their desire and ability to
hold territory and not to simply replace power structures
and systems but transform them in a manner
that challenges the international state system. Moreover,
there are concerns that regional dynamics are
being negatively impacted by the emergence and influence
of transnational terrorist and criminal groups
beyond the region, including Boko Haram and the Islamic
State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), for example 

32 P.; 27 cm